The Conversation

(Miguel Laparra Navarro, Universidad Pública de Navarra) ¿Es hoy más difícil salir de la exclusión social? Es la pregunta que nos hacemos y que respondemos con un rotundo sí. Después de dos crisis intensas, la financiera de 2008-2014 y la de la Covid-19, y la irrupción de la última crisis, la de la inflación, se constata que el impacto sobre la exclusión social en España crece. De hecho, si la exclusión severa afectaba al 6,3 % de la población en España en 2007, ese porcentaje se duplica hasta un 12,7 % en 2021, afectando a 6 millones de personas.

(Ricardo Gutiérrez Barba, Universidad de Guadalajara) Comúnmente asociamos la mercadotecnia (o marketing) con anuncios de zapatos, ropa, comida, smartphones. En fin, con productos y servicios que consumimos regularmente. Como el hospedaje en un hotel, un dentista, los servicios de fontanería o un buen abogado para que nos saque de apuros.

(Félix J. López Iturriaga, Universidad de Valladolid; Conrado Diego García-Gómez, Universidad de Valladolid, and Marina A. Zavertiaeva, Russian National Research University The Higher School of Economics)

El homo œconomicus (una persona racional, que maximiza su utilidad, tratando de obtener los mayores beneficios con un esfuerzo mínimo) como modelo de comportamiento del ser humano hace ya tiempo que ha quedado superado por la realidad. La explicación de determinadas decisiones financieras, como por ejemplo la asunción de riesgos por parte de los directivos, se está sirviendo cada vez más de la perspectiva que ofrece el campo de la economía del comportamiento (behavioural economics).

(Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University) The U.S. and four dozen other countries have imposed punishing sanctions on Russia in reaction to its invasion of Ukraine on Feb. 24, 2022. The sanctions were unprecedented in their scope and severity for an economy of Russia’s size.

(Leland Glenna, Penn State) As tractors became more sophisticated over the past two decades, the big manufacturers allowed farmers fewer options for repairs. Rather than hiring independent repair shops, farmers have increasingly had to wait for company-authorized dealers to arrive. Getting repairs could take days, often leading to lost time and high costs.

(Raffaello Rossi, University of Bristol; Agnes Nairn, University of Bristol; Ben Ford, University of Bristol, and Jamie Wheaton, University of Bristol)

When the 2005 Gambling Act was drafted the world was very different. Twitter, Facebook and YouTube didn’t exist. Gambling was often seen as a shady activity typically conducted in smoky high-street betting shops. You certainly couldn’t use a smartphone to gamble 24/7 with a couple of clicks.

(David Campbell, Binghamton University, State University of New York; Elizabeth J. Dale, Seattle University, and Michael Moody, Grand Valley State University) The 50 Americans who gave or pledged the most to charity in 2022 committed to giving US$14.1 billion to foundations, universities, hospitals and more – a total that was 60% below an inflation-adjusted $35.6 billion in 2021, according to the Chronicle of Philanthropy’s latest annual tally of these donations.

(Candelaria Bergero, University of California, Irvine and Steve Davis, University of California, Irvine) Several major airlines have pledged to reach net-zero carbon emissions by midcentury to fight climate change. It’s an ambitious goal that will require an enormous ramp-up in sustainable aviation fuels, but that alone won’t be enough, our latest research shows.

(Stephan Weiler, Colorado State University and Tessa Conroy, University of Wisconsin-Madison) When the Federal Reserve convenes at the end of January 2023 to set interest rates, it will be guided by one key bit of data: the U.S. inflation rate. The problem is, that stat ignores a sizable chunk of the country – rural America.

(Daniel Sperling, University of California, Davis) California is embarking on an audacious new climate plan that aims to eliminate the state’s greenhouse gas footprint by 2045, and in the process, slash emissions far beyond its borders. The blueprint calls for massive transformations in industry, energy and transportation, as well as changes in institutions and human behaviors.

(Luciana Echazú, University of New Hampshire and Diego C. Nocetti, Clarkson University) Environmental, social and governance business standards and principles, often referred to as ESG, are becoming both more commonplace and controversial.

(Peter Wells, Cardiff University) If share price is anything to go by, Tesla is in trouble. The market capitalisation of the electric vehicle (EV) company has fallen by 73% from its record high in November 2021, causing concern for investors.

(Stéphanie Matteudi-Lecocq, Université de Lille; Jim Stanford, University of Sydney; Marick Masters, Wayne State University; Nabiyla Risfa Izzati, Universitas Gadjah Mada ; Phil Tomlinson, University of Bath, and Rubén Garrido-Yserte, Universidad de Alcalá)This is the fifth instalment in our series on where the global economy is heading in 2023. It follows recent articles on inflation, energy, food and the cost of living.